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2020 Vol.7, Issue 3

Original Article

Distribution Characteristics of Alien Plants by Wetland Types in the Ecologically Outstanding Wetlands of South Korea

국내 생태우수습지의 유형별 외래식물상 현황 및 특성

Yeounsu Chu1
,
Kwang-Jin Cho2
,
Mijeong Kim3
,
Changsu Lee1
,
Jungdo Yoon1
,
Jeoncheol Lim4*
추 연수1
,
조 광진2
,
김 미정3
,
이 창수1
,
윤 정도1
,
임 정철4*
1Junior Researcher, Wetlands Research Team, National Institute of Ecology, Changnyeong 50303, Korea
2Team Manager, Wetlands Research Team, National Institute of Ecology, Changnyeong 50303, Korea
3Researcher, Wetlands Research Team, National Institute of Ecology, Changnyeong 50303, Korea
4Senior Researcher, Wetlands Research Team, National Institute of Ecology, Changnyeong 50303, Korea
1국립생태원 습지연구팀 전임연구원
2국립생태원 습지연구팀 팀장
3국립생태원 습지연구팀 연구원
4국립생태원 습지연구팀 선임연구원
* Corresponding Author
30 September 2020. pp. 145-159
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Abstract

Wetlands are vulnerable to biological invasion by alien species, because they function as sinks that accumulate excess water, sediments, nutrients, and other contaminants from the surrounding watersheds by disturbance. In this study, to understand the status and characteristics of the alien plants based on the type of wetlands, we classified 24 ecologically outstanding wetlands and analyzed the status of alien flora. A total of 130 alien plants were found in the wetlands, accounting for 11% of the total plant species. Among them, the Asteraceae species was the most diverse, with 40 species. Erigeron annuus and Oenothera ordorata had the highest frequency of occurrence. The species richness of alien plants in the riverine and lacustrine wetlands (average: 30 species) was higher than that in the mountainous palustrine wetlands (average: 10 species). The same results were found in the naturalization index, urbanization index, and ratio of annuals and biennials, which indicate the degree of artificial interference. In the cluster analysis, the riverine and lacustrine wetlands were combined, and only the mountainous palustrine wetlands were separated. The number of alien plants is remarkably low in the mountainous palustrine wetlands, and it is considered to be the influence of Erigeron strigosus, Symphytum officinale, and Bilderdykia convolvulus, not found in the other types of wetlands. In particular, invasive alien plants such as Aster pilosus, Ambrosia trifida, Sicyos angulatus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior were found intensively in the riverine wetlands. Therefore, it is considered that a methodical management is urgently required considering the dispersal of alien plants in the riverine and lacustrine wetlands with high artificial interference.

Keywords
Alien plant
Ecologically outstanding wetland
Intensive survey on national inland wetalnds
Wetland type

습지는 교란에 의해 주변 유역으로부터 과잉수, 퇴적물, 영양염, 기타 오염물 등이 축적되는 흡수원으로서 기능하기 때문에 외래종에 의한 생물학적 침입에 취약하다. 본 연구는 내륙습지 유형에 따른 외래식물의 출현현황 및 특성을 파악하기 위하여, 생태우수습지 24개소를 대상으로 유형을 분류하고 외래식물상을 분석하였다. 조사 대상 습지에서 발견된 외래식물은 총 130종으로 출현 식물 총 종수의 11%를 차지하였다. 이 중 국화과가 40종으로 가장 많았으며, 출현빈도가 높은 종은 개망초와 달맞이꽃이었다. 습지 유형별로는 하천형과 호수형 습지에서 평균 30종 내외로 평균 10종 미만인 산지형 습지보다 외래식물 종풍부도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 인위적인 간섭정도를 나타내는 귀화율, 도시화지수, 일 ‧ 이년생 비율에서도 동일한 결과가 나타났다. 군집분석에서는 하천형 습지와 호수형 습지가 혼재되었으며, 산지형 습지만 별도로 분리되었다. 산지형 습지는 외래종수가 현저하게 적은 것은 물론 다른 습지 유형에서 발견되지 않은 주걱개망초, 컴프리, 나도닭의덩굴의 영향으로 판단된다. 특히 미국쑥부쟁이, 돼지풀, 가시박, 단풍잎돼지풀 등 생태계교란생물은 하천형 습지에서 집중적으로 발견되었다. 따라서 인위적인 간섭강도가 높은 하천형 및 호수형 습지에서 외래식물 확산 요인을 고려한 체계적인 관리가 시급한 것으로 판단된다.

키워드
외래식물
생태우수습지
전국내륙습지 정밀조사
습지유형
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Ecology and Infrastructure Engineering
  • Publisher(Ko) :응용생태공학회
  • Journal Title :Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
  • Journal Title(Ko) :응용생태공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 7
  • No :3
  • Pages :145-159
  • Received Date : 2020-08-12
  • Revised Date : 2020-09-17
  • Accepted Date : 2020-09-21
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.17820/eri.2020.7.3.145
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